UPSC Prelims Practice Questions — What does the SHANTI Bill change?

Q1. Under the tiered civil-liability framework introduced by the SHANTI Act, 2025, what is the maximum operator liability (in ₹ crore) for the highest reactor-capacity category?

  • A. 1,500
  • B. 2,000
  • C. 3,000
  • D. 5,000

Q2. With reference to the SHANTI Act, 2025 vis-à-vis the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010, consider the following statements: 1. The SHANTI Act replaces the flat operator-liability cap of the 2010 Act with a tiered cap linked to reactor capacity. 2. Unlike the 2010 Act, the SHANTI Act expands the operator's right of recourse against suppliers to cover all cases of defective equipment. 3. The SHANTI Act grants statutory status to the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, which earlier functioned without an explicit statutory basis. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. The SHANTI Act replaces the flat operator-liability cap of the 2010 Act with a tiered cap linked to reactor capacity.
  2. Unlike the 2010 Act, the SHANTI Act expands the operator's right of recourse against suppliers to cover all cases of defective equipment.
  3. The SHANTI Act grants statutory status to the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, which earlier functioned without an explicit statutory basis.
  • A. 1 only
  • B. 1 and 2 only
  • C. 1 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3

Q3. Under the SHANTI Act, 2025, the maximum combined private and foreign equity participation permitted in a nuclear facility (with corresponding FDI under the automatic route) is:

  • A. 26 per cent
  • B. 49 per cent
  • C. 51 per cent
  • D. 74 per cent

Q4. Which of the following is the nodal administrative authority for implementing the SHANTI Act, 2025?

  • A. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
  • B. Ministry of Power
  • C. Department of Atomic Energy, functioning under the Prime Minister's Office
  • D. Ministry of Science and Technology