UPSC Prelims Practice Questions — Climate risks must prompt international legal reforms

Q1. Which one of the following States led the core group that introduced and championed the UN General Assembly resolution requesting the International Court of Justice's Advisory Opinion on the obligations of States in respect of climate change?

  • A. Vanuatu
  • B. Fiji
  • C. Tuvalu
  • D. Marshall Islands

Q2. The International Court of Justice delivered its 2025 Advisory Opinion on the obligations of States in respect of climate change pursuant to a request made by the UN General Assembly under which one of the following resolutions?

  • A. Resolution 77/276 (2023)
  • B. Resolution 1803 (XVII) (1962)
  • C. Resolution 76/300 (2022)
  • D. Resolution 78/170 (2023)

Q3. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the 'Exclusive Economic Zone' (EEZ) of a coastal State is best defined as the maritime area:

  • A. extending up to 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, established under the 1982 Convention
  • B. extending up to 12 nautical miles from the coast, established under the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea
  • C. extending up to 24 nautical miles from the baseline, established under the 1994 Implementing Agreement
  • D. comprising the seabed and subsoil beyond 350 nautical miles, established under the 1972 Stockholm Declaration