UPSC Prelims Practice Questions — India aiming for 60% non-fossil fuel power sources by 2035

Q1. In the context of India's updated Nationally Determined Contribution (2031-2035), the target to reduce 'emission intensity of GDP' by 47% from the 2005 level refers exclusively to which one of the following?

  • A. The volume of greenhouse gas emissions released per unit of Gross Domestic Product
  • B. The absolute total quantity of greenhouse gas emissions emitted by the economy in a year
  • C. The share of fossil-fuel-based power in total installed electricity capacity
  • D. The per-capita greenhouse gas emissions of the population

Q2. India's updated Nationally Determined Contribution (2031-2035) is formally communicated to which one of the following as the primary recipient body under the Paris Agreement framework?

  • A. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat
  • B. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
  • C. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
  • D. Conference of the Parties (COP) Presidency

Q3. Consider the following statements comparing India's NDC for 2031-2035 with its previous NDC for 2021-2030: 1. The non-fossil installed capacity target was raised from 50% to 60%. 2. The emission intensity reduction target was raised from 45% to 47%. 3. The carbon sink target was lowered from 2.5–3.0 billion tonnes to below 2.5 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. The non-fossil installed capacity target was raised from 50% to 60%.
  2. The emission intensity reduction target was raised from 45% to 47%.
  3. The carbon sink target was lowered from 2.5–3.0 billion tonnes to below 2.5 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent.
  • A. 1 only
  • B. 1 and 2 only
  • C. 2 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3

Q4. With reference to the headline targets/status of India's NDC (2031-2035), consider the following target–value pairs: 1. Non-fossil installed capacity by 2035 — 60% 2. Emission intensity reduction from 2005 level by 2035 — 47% 3. Carbon sink expansion by 2035 — 3.5–4.0 billion tonnes CO2 equivalent 4. Non-fossil installed capacity already achieved by February 2026 — 40.1% Which of the above is/are correctly identified?

  1. Non-fossil installed capacity by 2035 — 60%
  2. Emission intensity reduction from 2005 level by 2035 — 47%
  3. Carbon sink expansion by 2035 — 3.5–4.0 billion tonnes CO2 equivalent
  4. Non-fossil installed capacity already achieved by February 2026 — 40.1%
  • A. 1, 2 and 3
  • B. 2 and 4
  • C. 1, 3 and 4
  • D. 1 and 2 only