Pencil, paper & graphene brought together for sensors useful for hospital and farms

• Indigenous flexible sensor combining pencil-drawn graphite electrodes on paper with graphene oxide (GO) as the active sensing layer, developed at Gauhati University.
• Multipurpose, low-cost, disposable platform usable for soil moisture, plant drought stress, human breathing, skin moisture, smart diaper wetness, proximity sensing.
• UPSC relevance: showcases frugal innovation, DST funding ecosystem (INSPIRE/ECRA/PURSE), precision agriculture, and wearable health-tech — directly maps to GS-III S&T.