Vande Bharat Express: Modernising Inter-City Rail Mobility in India

• Vande Bharat Express is India's first indigenously designed and manufactured semi-high-speed, self-propelled Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) trainset, flagship of Indian Railways' modernisation push.
• Originally codenamed "Train 18", manufactured by Integral Coach Factory (ICF), Chennai under Make in India in 18 months.
• UPSC relevance: Infrastructure (GS-3), Make in India, indigenous tech (Kavach), Viksit Bharat 2047 mobility vision.