Ministry of Finance Year Ender 2025 Department of Economic Affairs

• Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) is the nodal department in the Ministry of Finance for India's macroeconomic management, fiscal strategy, capital markets, infrastructure financing, multilateral engagement, and bilateral economic cooperation.
• 2025 was anchored by the Sixteenth Finance Commission (XVIFC) report submission and DEA-led reforms across macro policy, capital markets, infrastructure, digital finance, and investor empowerment.
• UPSC relevance: tested under fiscal federalism (Art. 280), capital market regulation, infrastructure financing architecture, and India's global financial diplomacy.