Government of India Amends Central Motor Vehicles Rules to Strengthen User Fee Payments

• The Central Motor Vehicles (Second Amendment) Rules, 2026, notified by the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH), link toll-fee compliance with vehicle administrative services (NOC, fitness, permits) on National Highways.
• Introduces a statutory definition of "unpaid user fee" tied to the Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system under the National Highways Act, 1956.
• Relevant for UPSC as an intersection of transport governance, digital public infrastructure (FASTag/VAHAN), and enforcement design — a recurring GS-II/GS-III theme.