ECONOMIC SURVEY PROPOSES DISCIPLINED SWADESHI FOR STRATEGIC RESILIENCE: A THREE TIERED FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC INDIGENISATION

• The Economic Survey 2025-26 (Ministry of Finance) advances "Disciplined Swadeshi" — a calibrated, three-tiered indigenisation framework that moves India beyond blanket import substitution toward strategic resilience and ultimately strategic indispensability.
• Pairs indigenisation with a National Input Cost Reduction Strategy that "treats competitiveness as infrastructure" so domestic capability building does not erode export competitiveness.
• Frames embedding India into Global Value Chains (GVCs) as a "strategic indispensability" — the goal being to make the world shift from "thinking about buying Indian" to "buying Indian without thinking".
• High-yield UPSC overlap with GS-III (economy, industrial policy, GVCs), GS-II (trade diplomacy) and current affairs on Atmanirbhar Bharat 2.0.