SIGNIFICANT STRIDES MADE IN PENSION AND INSURANCE COVER PROVIDING SOCIAL SECURITY OVER THE YEARS

• India's social security architecture rests on a twin-regulator model: PFRDA (pensions) and IRDAI (insurance), supplemented by flagship Jan Suraksha schemes (PMJJBY, PMSBY, APY).
• Economic Survey 2025-26 flags a structural deepening: NPS subscribers at 211.7 lakh (CAGR 9.5%) and health insurance now 41% of non-life premium, overtaking motor.
• Examinable across GS-II (welfare schemes, vulnerable sections) and GS-III (Indian economy, inclusive growth, financial inclusion).