FINANCING IN RESEARCH

• Financing in Research in India refers to the public-private capital architecture for R&D, anchored by the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) and the ₹1 lakh crore Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme for strategic and sunrise sectors.
• Critical for UPSC because it intersects GS-III (Science & Tech, Economy) and GS-II (governance) — flagship vehicle to raise India's Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) by crowding in private-sector capital via long-tenure, low-interest financing.