SOCIAL SECURITY FOR GIG AND PLATFORM WORKERS

• Gig/platform workers = workforce earning outside the traditional employer-employee relationship, mediated by digital aggregators (Ola, Zomato, Urban Company, etc.).
• India's first statutory recognition of this category came via the Code on Social Security, 2020 (Act No. 36 of 2020), which mandates dedicated welfare schemes funded partly by aggregators.
• Operational delivery vehicle is the e-Shram portal (under MoLE), now expanded by an Aggregator Module (Dec 2024) to onboard platforms and their workers.
• Examinable as a Future of Work theme intersecting labour codes, informal economy, fiscal federalism and platform regulation.