Renewed Momentum in India–Canada Bilateral Relations

• Diplomatic and economic reset between India and Canada after a frosty 2023–24 period, manifested in ministerial visits (Jan 2026) and a Prime Ministerial visit (Mar 2026).
• Anchors: potash/fertilizer security, critical minerals, energy cooperation (LNG, LPG, crude, hydrogen), and a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA).
• UPSC relevance: tests GS-II (India and its neighbourhood/bilateral) and GS-III (energy security, fertilizer subsidy, critical minerals).