IMPLEMENTATION OF VIBRANT VILLAGE PROGRAMME

• Vibrant Villages Programme (VVP) is a Government of India border-area development initiative for comprehensive development of villages abutting India's land borders, implemented by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).
• Rolled out in two phases — VVP-I (Centrally Sponsored Scheme, 2023) covering northern (China) border villages, and VVP-II (Central Sector Scheme, 2025) covering villages along other international land borders.
• Strategic significance: addresses out-migration, weak last-mile connectivity and counters "model village" projects across the LAC; UPSC-relevant under border management, internal security and federalism.