Government has taken several measures to promote development of applications over 5G networks

• India's 5G stack rests on three pillars: rapid rollout (2.70 lakh sites in 9 months), domestic application/innovation push (100 5G Use Case Labs), and forward-looking Bharat 6G Vision targeting 2030.
• Implementing nodal body: Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Ministry of Communications.
• UPSC relevance: GS-III (Science & Tech, indigenisation), GS-II (governance & PPP), Prelims (schemes, dates, bodies).