On Safer Tracks: How Kavach and AI Are Strengthening Railway Safety in India

• KAVACH is India's indigenously developed Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system providing collision prevention, over-speed braking, and signal-passing protection.
• Certified to SIL-4 (Safety Integrity Level 4 — highest order of safety certification).
• Adopted as the National ATP system in July 2020; rollout being accelerated alongside AI-based predictive maintenance and monitoring.
• UPSC relevance: GS-III (Infrastructure, Science & Tech, Indigenisation — Atmanirbhar Bharat); also GS-II (governance of PSUs/Railways).