Steps taken to strengthen disease surveillance landscape under NCDC

• National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), under MoHFW, is India's apex agency for disease surveillance, outbreak response, and One Health implementation.
• Operates flagship national programmes on Viral Hepatitis (2012), Leptospirosis (2013), Zoonoses/One Health (2013), Rabies (2017) and runs IDSP/IHIP.
• Being scaled up under the Central Sector Umbrella Scheme and PM-ABHIM with new regional/state branches, BSL-3 labs, Metropolitan Surveillance Units (MSUs) and District Public Health Laboratories (DPHLs).
• High UPSC salience: GS-II (health governance) and GS-III (S&T, biosecurity, pandemic preparedness).