PROMOTION OF AUTOMOTIVE AND HEAVY ENGINEERING SECTOR

• The Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI) drives automotive + heavy engineering / capital goods promotion via PLI-Auto, FAME-II, PM E-DRIVE, and the Capital Goods Scheme.
• Auto sector contributes ~15% of India's GST revenue and ~30 million jobs (4.2 Mn direct + 26.5 Mn indirect); capital goods contributes ~1.9% to GDP.
• Examinable for GS-III (economy, manufacturing, infrastructure) — convergence of Make in India, EV transition, and PLI architecture.