India Semiconductor Mission 2.0

• India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 2.0 is the second phase of India's flagship chip-ecosystem programme, announced in Union Budget 2026–27, focused on equipment, materials, full-stack Indian semiconductor IP, and supply-chain resilience.
• Implemented under the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) as a deepening of the Semicon India Programme launched in 2021.
• Tested in UPSC for GS-III (S&T, economy, industrial policy) — pairs with PLI, Atmanirbhar Bharat, and critical-minerals strategy.