Update on Universal Immunization Coverage

• U-WIN is the digital backbone of India's Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) — a Co-WIN-modelled portal issuing QR-code vaccination certificates for pregnant women and children up to 16 years.
• UIP is the world's largest immunization programme, annually targeting ~2.6 cr children and ~3 cr pregnant women against 12 vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs).
• High UPSC salience: intersects GS-II (health governance, digital public goods) and GS-III (S&T, public health).