INCREASE IN OPERATIONAL SHARE OF PRIVATE SECTOR IN PORTS

• Refers to the rising share of cargo handled by private operators / PPP concessionaires at India's Major Ports under the Landlord Port model, with Non‑Major (State) Ports already dominantly private‑operated.
• Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) has stated PPP concessionaires currently handle ~50% of Major Port traffic, projected to reach ~85% by 2030 under Maritime India Vision 2030.
• UPSC relevance: GS‑III (infrastructure, PPP), GS‑II (statutory bodies — Major Port Authorities Act, 2021) and Prelims (Sagarmala, MIV‑2030, Landlord Port concept).