DEVELOPMENT OF PORTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH

• Andhra Pradesh has the second-longest coastline in India (~974 km) and hosts one Major Port (Visakhapatnam) plus a growing network of Non-Major Ports under the State Maritime Board.
• Four greenfield Non-Major Ports — Mulapeta, Machilipatnam, Ramayapatnam, Kakinada SEZ — are currently under construction, anchored by the Sagarmala Programme and Maritime India Vision (MIV) 2030.
• Tests GS-III (Infrastructure: Ports), GS-I (Economic Geography), and Prelims (institutions, ministries, port locations).