IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW MARITIME LAWS

• India enacted three landmark maritime statutes in 2025 — the Merchant Shipping Act, 2025, Coastal Shipping Act, 2025, and Indian Ports Act, 2025 — replacing colonial/pre-Independence frameworks.
• The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) has begun rule-making and institutional preparedness for implementation as of February 2026.
• Relevant for UPSC GS-II (legislation, federalism, Centre-State), GS-III (infrastructure, blue economy, ease of doing business), and current affairs.