India and Brazil sign MoU to strengthen and secure steel supply chain

• MoU between Ministry of Steel (India) and Ministry of Mines and Energy (Brazil) signed on 21 February 2026 at Hyderabad House, New Delhi, exchanged in the presence of PM Modi and President Lula da Silva.
• Provides an institutional framework for cooperation across the steel value chain — exploration, mining, processing, recycling, AI in geo-data, and sustainable mineral extraction.
• Relevant for UPSC as a current bilateral economic-strategic instrument linking critical minerals security, India's steel ambition (300 MT by 2030-31), and South-South cooperation.