India’s Digital Public Infrastructure

• DPI = interoperable, open, population-scale digital rails across three layers: Identity (Aadhaar), Payments (UPI), Data exchange (Account Aggregator/DigiLocker) — the "India Stack".
• India has transitioned from a user of digital systems to a builder of population-scale digital architecture; positioned as a global public good rather than a closed platform.
• Cross-cutting relevance for GS-II (governance, e-governance) and GS-III (economy, IT, financial inclusion).