Steps taken for Reducing Maternal Mortality

• Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) = maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births; India's latest MMR (SRS 2021-23) = 88.
• Reducing MMR is central to SDG-3.1 (target: <70 by 2030) and to India's flagship National Health Mission (NHM) package under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW).
• Topic clusters multiple GS-II welfare schemes (JSY, JSSK, PMSMA, SUMAN, LaQshya) — a high-yield Prelims + Mains theme on women & child health.