ENERGY TRANSITION AND RENEWABLE CAPACITY

• India has crossed 50% of installed electricity capacity from non-fossil fuel sources in June 2025 — five years ahead of the 2030 NDC target under the Paris Agreement.
• Combines the 500 GW non-fossil by 2030 Panchamrit pledge (COP26, Glasgow), the National Green Hydrogen Mission, PM Surya Ghar, and PM-KUSUM.
• UPSC relevance: GS-III (energy, environment), GS-II (international agreements), Prelims (schemes, targets, ministries).