IMPACT ON EV DUE TO POLICY CHANGES IN CHINA PERTAINING TO LITHIUM

• China's Oct 2025 export-control regime on high-density Li-ion cells, cathode materials, artificial-graphite anodes and battery-making technology directly threatens India's EV supply chain, which is 100% import-dependent for lithium.
• Administered through the Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI); the issue sits at the intersection of GS-III (economy, S&T, energy security) and GS-II (India-China relations).
• India's counter-measures rest on three pillars: National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM), PLI-ACC battery scheme, and overseas asset acquisition via KABIL.