UIDAI enabling multi-modal authentication, facilitating periodic updation of details and strengthening infrastructure to mitigate authentication-related issues

• UIDAI (statutory body under MeitY, est. under Aadhaar Act 2016) is layering multi-modal authentication (fingerprint + iris + face + OTP), pushing periodic document updation (every 10 years), and hardening backend infrastructure to plug fraud and authentication-failure issues.
• Aadhaar is the world's largest biometric ID system — ~134 crore live holders and >17,000 crore authentication transactions executed; underpins 3,100+ DBT schemes and 360+ public services.
• UPSC relevance: intersects GS-II (governance, DBT, welfare delivery, privacy/Puttaswamy) and GS-III (cybersecurity, digital infra, AI).