DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN PORTS AND MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE

• India's push to decarbonise its 12 Major Ports through electrification, renewable energy, green fuels and zero-emission equipment under the "Harit Sagar" Green Port Guidelines, 2023.
• Anchored in the Maritime India Vision 2030 and Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways (MoPSW).
• Examinable for GS-III (Infrastructure, Environment) and GS-II (Govt schemes); combines climate targets with port-led industrialisation.