CENTRAL FORENSIC SCIENCES LABORATORIES

• CFSLs are premier central government laboratories that conduct scientific examination of evidence in criminal cases, supporting investigation, prosecution and the criminal justice system.
• Administered under the Directorate of Forensic Science Services (DFSS), Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) — except CFSL Delhi, which functions under the CBI.
• Examinable because of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita / Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (2023) push to make forensic evidence mandatory for offences punishable with ≥7 years, driving expansion via NFIES.