NITI Aayog releases reports on “Ease of Doing Research & Development in India”

• Twin reports by NITI Aayog diagnosing structural bottlenecks in India's R&D ecosystem and proposing the ROPE (Removing Obstacles & Promoting Enablers) reform framework.
• Anchored on a 9-month consultation with 400+ institutional leaders and 850+ scientists/researchers — the largest such government-led R&D ease survey.
• UPSC relevance: directly links to GS-III (S&T, Indian economy, innovation), Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF), and Viksit Bharat 2047 vision.