Sagarmala: Transforming India’s Maritime Landscape

• Sagarmala is the flagship programme of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways (MoPSW) launched in March 2015 to promote port-led development by leveraging India's ~11,099 km coastline and ~14,500 km of navigable waterways.
• It is structured around five pillars: Port Modernization, Port Connectivity, Port-led Industrialization, Coastal Community Development, and Coastal Shipping & Inland Water Transport.
• Around 95% of India's trade by volume (and ~70% by value) moves through maritime transport — making Sagarmala central to GS-III infrastructure, logistics, and trade questions.