UPSC Prelims Practice Questions — Swasth Bharat Portal Unveiled: Unifying Fragmented Health Systems to Power India’s Digital Health Transformation

Q1. The Swasth Bharat Portal launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2026 is designed to be ABDM-compliant and supports integration with how many of the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission's core national registries (covering patient identity, healthcare professionals and health facilities)?

  • A. Two
  • B. Three
  • C. Four
  • D. Five

Q2. The Healthcare Professionals Registry (HPR) and Health Facility Registry (HFR), with which the newly launched Swasth Bharat Portal is designed to integrate, are maintained under which one of the following?

  • A. National Digital Health Authority of India under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
  • B. Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission administered by the National Health Authority under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
  • C. Central Bureau of Health Intelligence under the Directorate General of Health Services
  • D. National Informatics Centre under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology

Q3. In the context of the Swasth Bharat Portal launched in 2026, the expression 'API-based federated aggregator architecture' most precisely refers to which one of the following?

  • A. A design in which data from all vertical health programmes is physically migrated into a single centralised database hosted by MoHFW
  • B. A design in which existing programme applications retain their own data stores but expose APIs that the portal uses to integrate and present information through a unified interface
  • C. A patient-facing mobile application that consolidates personal health records from private hospitals using ABHA credentials
  • D. A cloud backup arrangement in which national health programme datasets are encrypted and stored on a sovereign cloud for disaster recovery

Q4. At the national level, the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) is implemented solely by which one of the following agencies functioning under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare?

  • A. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
  • B. National Health Authority (NHA)
  • C. National Health Systems Resource Centre (NHSRC)
  • D. Central Bureau of Health Intelligence (CBHI)

Q5. Which one of the following is the primary citizen-facing unique digital health identifier created under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission?

  • A. Healthcare Professionals Registry (HPR) number
  • B. Health Facility Registry (HFR) ID
  • C. Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA) number
  • D. Unified Health Interface (UHI) ID

Q6. The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP), one of the legacy programmes whose data flows are now being aggregated by the Swasth Bharat Portal, is operationally implemented in India under the administrative aegis of which one of the following?

  • A. National Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
  • B. Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research
  • C. National Health Authority under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission
  • D. Central Bureau of Health Intelligence, Directorate General of Health Services

Q7. Consider the following statements regarding the Ayushman Bharat initiative: 1. It was launched in 2018 with twin pillars — Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) and Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY). 2. PM-JAY was formally launched by the Prime Minister on 23 September 2017 from Ranchi, Jharkhand. 3. Under the HWC component, only existing Sub-Health Centres — and not Primary Health Centres — are being upgraded to Health and Wellness Centres. 4. PM-JAY provides a health cover of Rs. 5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization. Which of the statements given above is/are NOT correct?

  1. It was launched in 2018 with twin pillars — Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) and Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY).
  2. PM-JAY was formally launched by the Prime Minister on 23 September 2017 from Ranchi, Jharkhand.
  3. Under the HWC component, only existing Sub-Health Centres — and not Primary Health Centres — are being upgraded to Health and Wellness Centres.
  4. PM-JAY provides a health cover of Rs. 5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization.
  • A. 1 and 3 only
  • B. 2 and 3 only
  • C. 2 and 4 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 4

Q8. With reference to the two pillars of the Ayushman Bharat initiative, consider the following statements: 1. While the Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) pillar delivers comprehensive primary health care including preventive and promotive services, the PM-JAY pillar is restricted to secondary and tertiary care hospitalization. 2. Beneficiaries under PM-JAY were originally identified using the Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) 2011 deprivation and occupational criteria, whereas services at HWCs are available to all citizens irrespective of SECC status. 3. Both pillars of Ayushman Bharat were formally launched on the same day — 23 September 2018 — at Ranchi, Jharkhand. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. While the Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) pillar delivers comprehensive primary health care including preventive and promotive services, the PM-JAY pillar is restricted to secondary and tertiary care hospitalization.
  2. Beneficiaries under PM-JAY were originally identified using the Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) 2011 deprivation and occupational criteria, whereas services at HWCs are available to all citizens irrespective of SECC status.
  3. Both pillars of Ayushman Bharat were formally launched on the same day — 23 September 2018 — at Ranchi, Jharkhand.
  • A. 1 only
  • B. 1 and 2 only
  • C. 2 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3

Q9. Under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM), which one of the following is the principal gateway designed as an open protocol-based network to enable interoperable delivery of digital health services (such as teleconsultation, lab bookings and ambulance services) across providers in India?

  • A. National Health Claims Exchange (NHCX)
  • B. Health Information Exchange and Consent Manager (HIE-CM)
  • C. Unified Health Interface (UHI)
  • D. Healthcare Professionals Registry (HPR)

Q10. In the context of a recently launched digital health initiative by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, what does the acronym 'JANANI' stand for?

  • A. Janani Antenatal and Neonatal Assistance Network Initiative
  • B. Journey of Antenatal, Natal and Neonatal Integrated Care
  • C. Joint Antenatal-Neonatal Assessment and Nutrition Initiative
  • D. Janani Suraksha and Neonatal Action Network India

Q11. With reference to the '4Ds' screening framework reinforced under Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) 2.0, consider the following: 1. Defects at Birth 2. Deficiencies 3. Diseases 4. Disabilities Which of the above is/are correctly identified as components of the '4Ds' framework?

  1. Defects at Birth
  2. Deficiencies
  3. Diseases
  4. Disabilities
  • A. 1, 2 and 3 only
  • B. 1, 2 and 4 only
  • C. 2, 3 and 4 only
  • D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q12. The Common Review Mission (CRM), whose 17th report was released in 2026, is institutionalised as an annual independent assessment mechanism under which one of the following?

  • A. National Health Mission
  • B. Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission
  • C. Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana
  • D. National Digital Health Blueprint

Q13. The Common Review Mission of the National Health Mission is conducted under the aegis of which one of the following Union Ministries?

  • A. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
  • B. Ministry of AYUSH
  • C. Ministry of Women and Child Development
  • D. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment