Access to justice remains a distant dream for India's marginalised communities. Critically evaluate how technology-driven interventions like DISHA 2.0's Tele-Law and Nyaya Setu chatbot can bridge the justice gap.

Q. Access to justice remains a distant dream for India's marginalised communities. Critically evaluate how technology-driven interventions like DISHA 2.0's Tele-Law and Nyaya Setu chatbot can bridge the justice gap. (15 marks, 250 words)

Article 39-A mandates equal justice and free legal aid, yet cost, distance and legal illiteracy exclude the poor from courts. DISHA 2.0 (2026-31, Rs. 255 crore) seeks to operationalise this promise through technology [1]. Whether it truly bridges the gap merits balanced scrutiny.

How it can bridge the gap - Last-mile reach: Tele-Law connects citizens to panel lawyers via 2.5 lakh CSCs at Gram Panchayat level, covering 112 Aspirational Districts and 500 Aspirational Blocks [2]. - Demonstrated scale: over 1.12 crore pre-litigation advices delivered (as on 28.02.2026), easing court burden and pre-empting costly litigation [2]. - Democratised access: the Nyaya Setu chatbot offers 24/7, voice-first legal guidance, with BHASHINI-enabled multilingual support lowering literacy and language barriers [3]. - Equity by design: 100% central funding ensures uniform coverage irrespective of State fiscal capacity [1].

Why the gap may persist - Digital divide: patchy connectivity and low device access in tribal/remote belts limit reach to the very poorest [4]. - Quality and accountability: AI-generated advice risks inaccuracy; liability and data privacy of sensitive user information remain unsettled [1]. - Awareness deficit: mere availability does not ensure uptake without sustained legal literacy. - Technology complements, not replaces, adjudication—NALSA, Lok Adalats and formal courts remain indispensable [4].

DISHA 2.0 is a promising enabler of Article 39-A, converting legal aid from paper right to doorstep service. Coupled with digital-infrastructure expansion and robust AI safeguards, it can meaningfully narrow—though not alone eliminate—India's justice gap.

(~250 words)

Sources: 1. Central Sector Scheme DISHA 2.0 approved — PIB, 22 June 2026 — Rs. 255 crore outlay, 2026-31, VIDHI-Sanjeevani, Nyaya Setu, 100% central funding, AI/privacy concerns 2. DISHA Central Sector Scheme & Tele-Law scale — PIB — 1.12 crore advices, 2.5 lakh CSCs, 112 Aspirational Districts, 500 Aspirational Blocks 3. Nyaya Setu AI Chatbot unveiled; BHASHINI multilingual support — PIB — voice-first, multilingual AI legal assistant 4. DoJ free legal aid initiatives & access-to-justice ecosystem — PIB — NALSA/formal legal aid complementarity, outreach limits