Critically evaluate the move from training split by scheme to holistic capacity building for Panchayati Raj Institutions.

The Union Cabinet has approved the Pradhan Mantri Viksit Gram Swaraj Yojana (PM-VGSY), worth ₹7,395.55 crore for 2026-31. It upgrades the Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA). Training modules run separately for each scheme give way to "holistic" capacity building and digital handholding for about 32 lakh representatives and functionaries [1]. The design is sound, but how much it achieves depends on States devolving power, which training alone cannot bring about.

Merits of holistic capacity building

• Convergence: Instead of one module per scheme, a sarpanch learns one integrated planning cycle on eGramSwaraj (the Gram Panchayat Development Plan, or GPDP). This cuts down repeated sessions [1].
• Proven base: An IRMA evaluation found that RGSA training improved PRI skills in planning, digital governance and financial management [2].
• Evidence-based planning: 2.55 lakh GPDPs prepared digitally can link village priorities to the 29 subjects of the 11th Schedule [1].
• Inclusion: The scheme also covers traditional local bodies, which extends support to tribal areas [1].

Limitations

• Capacity ahead of power: MoPR's Devolution Index shows Functions as the weakest dimension, even as Capacity Enhancement improved [3]. Under Art. 243G, only States can transfer functions.
• Missing staff: A parliamentary committee found that one secretary often serves four or five GPs. It sought a dedicated panchayat cadre [4]. Digital handholding is of little use without staff to apply it.
• Tied money: 60% of Finance Commission grants are tied to sanitation and water, and panchayats raise little own-source revenue. GPDP priorities may therefore go unfunded [5].
• State-run delivery: A 2012-13 parliamentary committee examined weak training of PRIs at State level [6]. PM-VGSY still depends on States, which bear about 34% of its cost [1].
• Output metrics: The number of people trained or plans uploaded does not show whether plans were funded or carried out.

Overall, holistic training is a necessary correction to training split by scheme, but it is not enough by itself. MoPR could link part of PM-VGSY funds to States' Devolution Index gains. Unused tied grants could be converted to untied grants, as the Standing Committee urged [5]. Results should be judged by growth in own revenue and by how much of each plan is carried out. Training combined with real devolution of funds, functions and functionaries can make panchayats the institutions of self-government that the 73rd Amendment envisaged.