Discuss the contribution of the SAMADHAN doctrine in transforming India's counter-LWE campaign.

Enunciated by the Ministry of Home Affairs in 2017, SAMADHAN converted a scattered, reactive anti-Naxal effort into a unified, measurable and technology-driven campaign — a shift credited with India being declared "effectively free" of Left-Wing Extremism by 31 March 2026 [1][5].

A unified strategic framework

• The acronym — Smart leadership, Aggressive strategy, Motivation/training, Actionable intelligence, Dashboard KPIs, Harnessing technology, Action plan per theatre, No access to financing — welded short- and long-term policy into one doctrine [5].
• Dashboard-based KPIs made outcomes measurable across the Centre, states and CAPFs, replacing ad-hoc coordination [5].

Sharper security operations

• "Aggressive strategy" enabled Forward Operating Bases of CRPF/CoBRA deep in Maoist cores, culminating in the Karreguttalu Hill operation neutralising 31 cadres [2][4].
• "Harnessing technology" — UAVs, satellite imagery, biometric databases — improved actionable intelligence [5].

Choking finances and easing surrender

• UAPA proscription of CPI (Maoist) and its fronts throttled funding under "No access to financing" [5].
• The SRE Scheme funded surrender-cum-rehabilitation, aiding 3,927 surrenders during 2024–March 2026 [1][5].

Measurable transformation

• Most-affected districts fell from 36 (2014) to 3 (2025); total LWE-affected districts from 126 to 11 [1].

By fusing kinetic force with development and clear metrics, SAMADHAN supplied the operational spine for the later Vishwaas-Nirman-Jan Kalyan framework. Sustaining these gains now demands deepening tribal self-governance through PESA and FRA, converting security success into durable constitutional legitimacy [4].