Discuss the evolution of the UDAN scheme since 2016 and assess how 'Viksit UDAN' addresses the shortcomings of the original scheme.

Q. Discuss the evolution of the UDAN scheme since 2016 and assess how 'Viksit UDAN' addresses the shortcomings of the original scheme. (15 marks, 250 words)

Launched on 21 October 2016 under the Regional Connectivity Scheme, UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) sought to make air travel affordable for the common citizen. Its next phase, "Viksit UDAN" (Modified UDAN), launched by the PM on 4 July 2026, seeks to deepen and stabilise this vision [1][2].

Evolution and achievements (2016–2025) - Connected 95 airports, heliports and water aerodromes via 669 routes, benefitting over 1.66 crore passengers [1]. - Extended aviation's reach to Tier-2/3 towns, hilly regions and islands, entering its 9th year in 2025 [1].

Shortcomings of the original scheme - Short renewable cycles created financing uncertainty, deterring long-term airline commitment. - Weak last-mile and helicopter connectivity in remote and hilly terrain. - Many routes lapsed once Viability Gap Funding (VGF) ended, exposing commercial unviability.

How Viksit UDAN addresses them - Ten-year horizon (FY2026-27 to FY2035-36) with a ₹28,840 crore outlay replaces short cycles with a stable, predictable framework [2][3]. - 100 aerodromes (₹12,159 crore) and 200 helipads (₹3,661 crore) strengthen last-mile and hilly-area access [2][3]. - Sustained VGF of ₹10,043 crore and O&M support cushion commercially weak but socially vital routes [2]. - Promotes indigenous platforms (HAL Dhruv, Dornier), aligning with Atmanirbhar Bharat [1].

By pairing predictable financing with expanded infrastructure, Viksit UDAN converts a promising pilot into a durable connectivity backbone. Anchored in the Viksit Bharat 2047 vision, it advances inclusive, affordable growth—ensuring aviation's dividends reach aspirational districts, not merely metros.

(~250 words)

Sources: 1. Prime Minister launches the Next Phase of UDAN – Viksit UDAN, PIB (4 July 2026) — original UDAN outcomes (669 routes, 95 airports, 1.66 crore passengers), launch date, indigenous aircraft focus 2. Cabinet approves Regional Connectivity Scheme – Modified UDAN with total outlay of Rs.28,840 crore, PIB — 10-year duration, ₹28,840 crore outlay, VGF ₹10,043 crore, O&M support 3. Cabinet Approves Modified UDAN to Deepen Regional Connectivity and Expand Inclusive Air Access, PIB — 100 aerodromes (₹12,159 cr), 200 helipads (₹3,661 cr), inclusive-access goal