• Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of Gujarat's electoral rolls concluded with the final electoral roll pegged at 4.40 crore voters (4,40,30,725), a net addition of 5.60 lakh names over the draft roll [S1] [S2].
• Tests UPSC aspirants on the ECI's electoral roll revision machinery, terminology (draft vs. final rolls, qualifying date, enumeration), and the ongoing pan-India SIR rollout — a live governance/electoral-reform theme for 2025-26 [S2] [S3].
• Illustrates the federal-administrative architecture of elections: Booth Level Officers (BLOs), Chief Electoral Officer (state), and ECI (Centre) working in tandem [S1] [S2].

2. Why in the News

• On 17 February 2026, the Election Commission of India published the final electoral rolls for Gujarat after the SIR exercise, reported by PTI/The Hindu on 18 February 2026 [S1].
• The draft roll (published 19 December 2025) had already dropped 74 lakh voters, bringing the count down to 4.34 crore from an earlier base of 5.08 crore; the final roll added back 5.60 lakh names, settling at 4.40 crore [S1].

3. Background & Evolution

• SIR is an ECI exercise for house-to-house enumeration, use of pre-filled forms, and verification of existing voter data to purge deceased, permanently shifted, duplicate, and non-citizen entries while adding eligible citizens [S3].
• Qualifying date for the Gujarat SIR: 1 January 2026 [S2].
• Gujarat's SIR campaign ran roughly three-and-a-half months, involving over 50,000 Booth Level Officers (BLOs) for door-to-door verification, under CEO Harit Shukla [S2].
• SIR was earlier rolled out in Bihar (first state, 2025) and, per Phase-II, extended to Gujarat, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, and Lakshadweep [S2] [S4].
• ECI has indicated a further Phase-III/nationwide expansion to ~22 States/UTs from around April 2026 [S5].

4. Core Static Facts

Item	Detail
Exercise	Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls
Implementing body	Election Commission of India (ECI); state-level via Chief Electoral Officer (CEO)
Gujarat CEO	Harit Shukla [S2]
Qualifying date	1 January 2026 [S2]
Draft roll publication	19 December 2025
Final roll publication	17 February 2026
Final voter count (Gujarat)	4,40,30,725 (≈4.40 crore) [S1] [S2]
Draft roll count	4.34 crore
Pre-SIR base count	5.08 crore
Voters dropped (draft stage)	74 lakh
Net addition (draft → final)	5.60 lakh
Field functionaries	50,000+ Booth Level Officers (BLOs)
Access	ceo.gujarat.gov.in and polling stations for public verification; copies given to recognised political parties

5. Multi-Dimensional Analysis

Legal/Constitutional

• SIR draws on ECI's constitutional mandate under Article 324 (superintendence, direction and control of elections) and the Representation of the People Act, 1950 (preparation of electoral rolls) — relevant since the exercise directly touches citizens' right to vote.
• Large-scale deletions (74 lakh in Gujarat's draft stage) raise due-process concerns about disenfranchisement without adequate notice/hearing — a recurring Opposition and civil-society critique of SIR nationally [S1] [S3].

Administrative

• Demonstrates the Centre-state-district-booth chain: ECI (policy) → CEO (state execution) → BLOs (ground verification) [S2].
• Net roll changes (drop of 74 lakh, later addition of 5.60 lakh) show the correction cycle between draft and final rolls, testing ECI's error-correction and appeal mechanisms.

Ethical/Governance

• SIR aims at electoral roll purity (removing duplicates, deceased, shifted, ineligible entries) — a transparency and accountability exercise but criticized for potential exclusion errors given the scale of deletions [S1] [S3].

Political/Federal

• Distribution of final rolls to recognised political parties before elections reflects procedural transparency norms ECI follows in poll-bound/revised states [S2].

Social

• Affects marginalized and mobile populations (migrants, urban poor) disproportionately, as such groups are more likely to be missed in door-to-door verification — a recurring debate around SIR-driven deletions [S1] [S3].

6. Recent Developments (last 12-18 months)

• Dec 2025: Draft electoral rolls for Gujarat published (19 Dec 2025), showing 4.34 crore voters after 74 lakh deletions.
• Feb 2026: ECI announced final Gujarat electoral roll on 17 February 2026 — voter count settles at 4.40 crore [S1] [S2].
• Feb 2026: Reports indicate ECI's plan to extend SIR to ~22 States/UTs from around April 2026 (Phase-III) [S5].
• May 2026: Manorama Yearbook records ECI's announcement of "Phase-3" of SIR of electoral rolls [S4].
• SIR Phase-II covered 9 States and 3 UTs including Gujarat, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, UP, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Goa, A&N Islands, Lakshadweep [S2].

7. Prelims Hooks

• Gujarat's final electoral roll after SIR: 4,40,30,725 voters (≈4.40 crore), published 17 February 2026 [S1] [S2].
• Qualifying date for Gujarat's SIR: 1 January 2026 [S2].
• Gujarat's draft roll (19 December 2025) had 4.34 crore voters after 74 lakh deletions from a base of 5.08 crore.
• Net addition from draft to final roll in Gujarat: 5.60 lakh names [S1].
• Gujarat's Chief Electoral Officer overseeing SIR: Harit Shukla [S2].
• Over 50,000 Booth Level Officers (BLOs) conducted door-to-door verification in Gujarat's SIR [S2].
• SIR was first conducted in Bihar before extension to other states.
• SIR Phase-II states/UTs: Gujarat, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep [S2].
• SIR objective: eliminate deceased, permanently shifted, duplicate, and non-citizen voters while including all eligible citizens [S3].
• Implementing authority: Election Commission of India (constitutional body under Article 324).
• ECI reportedly planning SIR expansion to ~22 States/UTs from April 2026 (Phase-III) [S5].
• Final Gujarat rolls made available at polling stations and on ceo.gujarat.gov.in for public verification [S2].

8. Mains Relevance

• GS-II: Polity & Governance — "Salient features of the Representation of People's Act", Election Commission of India (Article 324), electoral reforms, transparency and accountability in governance.
• GS-II: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector — right to vote, inclusion/exclusion of marginalized groups.
• Possible Mains question stems: 1. "Discuss the objectives and process of the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls. Examine the concerns it raises regarding disenfranchisement of eligible voters." (GS-II) 2. "Examine the constitutional and statutory basis of the Election Commission of India's powers to revise electoral rolls. How does SIR differ from routine summary revision?" (GS-II) 3. "Electoral roll purity versus voter inclusion — critically analyze this trade-off in the context of recent Special Intensive Revisions across Indian states." (GS-II)

9. Related Topics to Study Next

• Article 324 & Election Commission of India — constitutional basis for SIR and roll revisions.
• Representation of the People Act, 1950 & 1951 — statutory framework for electoral rolls and conduct of elections.
• Bihar SIR controversy (2025) — the precedent case that triggered nationwide scrutiny of SIR methodology.
• One Nation One Election (ONOE) — related electoral reform debate on synchronized elections.
• Aadhaar-Voter ID linkage debate — connected to deduplication and identity verification in electoral rolls.
• Delimitation exercise — parallel ECI-linked process reshaping constituencies, often discussed alongside roll revisions.
• Right to vote as a statutory vs. fundamental right (SC jurisprudence, e.g., PUCL v. Union of India) — relevant to disenfranchisement debates from SIR deletions.
• Booth Level Officers (BLOs) and Booth Level Agents (BLAs) — ground-level electoral administration machinery.

10. Common Errors / Trap Areas

• Do not confuse SIR (Special Intensive Revision) with the routine Special Summary Revision (SSR) — SIR is a more intensive, house-to-house exercise, not an annual routine update [S3].
• Do not attribute SIR to the Ministry of Home Affairs or state government — it is conducted by the ECI, executed via the state's CEO office, not a state government department.
• Avoid confusing the draft roll figure (4.34 crore) with the final roll figure (4.40 crore) — the final roll reflects post-appeal additions, not the raw draft count.
• Do not confuse Gujarat's SIR (Phase-II) with Bihar's SIR, which was the first and most politically contested rollout (2025) — figures and controversies differ by state.
• Note the qualifying date (1 January 2026) is distinct from the publication dates of draft (19 Dec 2025) and final (17 Feb 2026) rolls — a common trap in date-based prelims questions.

11. Sources

• [S1] Gujarat's voter count at 4.4 crore in final roll after SIR — The Hindu — https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/2026-02-18/th_international/articleG5FFJQ6HA-13558972.ece — (tier: 4)
• [S2] Election Commission of India releases Final Electoral Roll for Gujarat — Akashvani News (newsonair.gov.in) — https://newsonair.gov.in/election-commission-of-india-releases-final-electoral-roll-for-gujarat/ — (tier: 1, govt-affiliated broadcaster)
• [S3] Special Intensive Revision — Wikipedia — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Intensive_Revision — (tier: 3, reference)
• [S4] EC announces phase-3 of Special Intensive Revision of electoral rolls — Manorama Yearbook — https://www.manoramayearbook.in/current-affairs/india/2026/05/14/phase-3-of-sir-voters-list.html — (tier: 4)
• [S5] ECI may launch SIR in 22 states, UTs from April 2026 — Organiser — https://organiser.org/2026/02/20/340862/bharat/eci-may-launch-sir-in-22-states-uts-from-april-2026-officials-told-to-prepare/ — (tier: 4)