UPSC Prelims Practice Questions — CITU conference condemns Labour Codes and new rural jobs, nuclear energy Acts
Q1. The Code on Wages, 2019 — the first of the four Labour Codes to be enacted — subsumes which one of the following sets of central labour laws?
- A. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948; the Payment of Wages Act, 1936; the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965; and the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
- B. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948; the Payment of Wages Act, 1936; the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947; and the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
- C. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948; the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965; the Trade Unions Act, 1926; and the Factories Act, 1948
- D. The Payment of Wages Act, 1936; the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948; the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972; and the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
Q2. The consolidation of 29 central labour laws into the four Labour Codes was introduced in Parliament and is administered by which Union ministry?
- A. Ministry of Labour and Employment
- B. Ministry of Corporate Affairs
- C. Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
- D. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Q3. Consider the following statements regarding the Viksit Bharat–Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) [VB-G RAM G] Act, 2025:
1. It guarantees 125 days of wage employment per rural household in a financial year.
2. Its implementation is overseen by the Ministry of Rural Development.
3. For States other than the North-eastern and Himalayan States, the centre-State funding pattern is 60:40.
4. It provides for 100% Central funding of wages, continuing the pattern of the erstwhile MGNREGA.
Which of the above statements is/are NOT correct?
- It guarantees 125 days of wage employment per rural household in a financial year.
- Its implementation is overseen by the Ministry of Rural Development.
- For States other than the North-eastern and Himalayan States, the centre-State funding pattern is 60:40.
- It provides for 100% Central funding of wages, continuing the pattern of the erstwhile MGNREGA.
- A. 1 and 3
- B. 2 only
- C. 4 only
- D. 3 and 4
Q4. The VB-G RAM G Act, 2025 repealed and replaced which single Act as India's principal statutory guarantee of rural wage employment?
- A. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005
- B. The National Food Security Act, 2013
- C. The Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood) Act, 2014
- D. The Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act, 2008
Q5. With reference to how the SHANTI Act, 2025 differs from the pre-existing nuclear-energy legal regime, consider the following statements:
1. It replaces both the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010.
2. Unlike the earlier regime, it permits private companies to undertake nuclear plant operations and power generation.
3. It retains the single statutory cap on operator liability that existed under the 2010 Act, instead of a graded liability framework.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- It replaces both the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010.
- Unlike the earlier regime, it permits private companies to undertake nuclear plant operations and power generation.
- It retains the single statutory cap on operator liability that existed under the 2010 Act, instead of a graded liability framework.
- A. 1 and 2 only
- B. 2 and 3 only
- C. 1 only
- D. 1, 2 and 3
Q6. Consider the following activities in the nuclear sector:
1. Operation of nuclear power plants.
2. Generation of nuclear power.
3. Manufacturing of nuclear equipment.
4. All sensitive fuel-cycle activities, without any threshold, on par with the Central Government.
Which of the above is/are correctly identified as activities opened to private companies under the SHANTI Act, 2025?
- Operation of nuclear power plants.
- Generation of nuclear power.
- Manufacturing of nuclear equipment.
- All sensitive fuel-cycle activities, without any threshold, on par with the Central Government.
- A. 1 and 2 only
- B. 1, 2 and 3
- C. 2, 3 and 4
- D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Q7. As per the Government of India, how many organisations are currently recognised as Central Trade Union Organisations?
Q8. Which one of the following is the apex regulatory authority for nuclear and radiation safety in India, constituted under the Atomic Energy Act, 1962?
- A. Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB)
- B. Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)
- C. Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL)
- D. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
Q9. Consider the following statements about India's atomic-energy legal and regulatory framework:
1. The Atomic Energy Act, 1962 replaced the earlier Atomic Energy Act, 1948.
2. The AERB was constituted in 1983 under Section 27 of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962.
3. The AERB's regulatory authority derives partly from rules under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
4. The Atomic Energy Act, 1962 vests the development and control of atomic energy in the State.
Which of the above is/are correctly identified?
- The Atomic Energy Act, 1962 replaced the earlier Atomic Energy Act, 1948.
- The AERB was constituted in 1983 under Section 27 of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962.
- The AERB's regulatory authority derives partly from rules under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
- The Atomic Energy Act, 1962 vests the development and control of atomic energy in the State.
- A. 1 and 2 only
- B. 2, 3 and 4 only
- C. 1, 3 and 4 only
- D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Q10. Consider the following matched pairs relating to the right to work and social security in India:
1. Right to work, to education and to public assistance — Article 41 (Directive Principles of State Policy)
2. Directive Principles of State Policy — Part IV of the Constitution
3. Statutory guarantee of rural wage employment — MGNREGA, 2005 (now the VB-G RAM G Act, 2025)
4. Judicially enforceable Fundamental Right to work — Article 19(1)(g)
Which of the above pairs is/are NOT correctly matched?
- Right to work, to education and to public assistance — Article 41 (Directive Principles of State Policy)
- Directive Principles of State Policy — Part IV of the Constitution
- Statutory guarantee of rural wage employment — MGNREGA, 2005 (now the VB-G RAM G Act, 2025)
- Judicially enforceable Fundamental Right to work — Article 19(1)(g)
- A. 1 and 2
- B. 3 only
- C. 4 only
- D. 2 and 3