UPSC Prelims Practice Questions — The judicial push for environmental CSR

Q1. As repeatedly noted in the 2025 debate over judicial push for environmental CSR, which single Schedule VII sector receives the largest share of total CSR expenditure in India?

  • A. Education
  • B. Healthcare
  • C. Environment and ecological sustainability
  • D. Rural development

Q2. In its December 2025 Great Indian Bustard ruling, the Supreme Court rooted the corporate duty to fund environmental protection primarily in which constitutional provision?

  • A. Article 51A(g)
  • B. Article 48A
  • C. Article 21
  • D. Article 14

Q3. In the Supreme Court's 2025 Great Indian Bustard judgment, the term 'Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER)' is best described as:

  • A. The principle that environmental protection is an inherent, constitutionally-grounded component of CSR rather than optional charity
  • B. A separate statutory levy of 2% of turnover earmarked exclusively for afforestation by polluting industries
  • C. A voluntary disclosure framework requiring listed firms to publish annual carbon-emission audits
  • D. A SEBI mandate compelling companies to constitute independent environmental risk committees

Q4. Which ministry of the Union Government administers the statutory CSR framework under Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013 and notified the Companies (CSR Policy) Rules, 2014?

  • A. Ministry of Corporate Affairs
  • B. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
  • C. Ministry of Finance
  • D. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
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