UPSC Prelims Practice Questions — Centre frames rules to standardise recruitment to various tribunal posts

Q1. With reference to the constitutional provisions on tribunals in Part XIV-A, consider the following statements: Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. A State Legislature may, by its own law, create an administrative tribunal under Article 323A for disputes on recruitment to the State's public services.
  2. Under Article 323B, a law may provide for a tribunal to adjudicate disputes relating to elections to a State Legislature.
  3. Article 323A tribunals deal with service matters of public servants, while Article 323B tribunals cover a listed set of other subjects such as taxation and land reforms.
  • A. 1, 2 and 3
  • B. 2 and 3 only
  • C. 1 and 3 only
  • D. 1 and 2 only

Q2. With reference to tribunals constituted under Articles 323A and 323B, as interpreted by the Supreme Court in L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India (1997), consider the following statements: Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. Such a tribunal can decide whether the statute that created it is constitutionally valid.
  2. Within its field, such a tribunal acts as the court of first instance, so litigants cannot ordinarily bypass it to approach the High Court directly.
  3. Because such tribunals substitute for High Courts, their decisions can be challenged only before the Supreme Court.
  • A. 2 and 3 only
  • B. 1, 2 and 3
  • C. 1 and 2 only
  • D. 2 only

Q3. Consider the following statements: Which of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

  1. Although the text of Article 323A permits a law to exclude the jurisdiction of all courts except the Supreme Court under Article 136, decisions of the Central Administrative Tribunal can today be challenged before a High Court.
  2. The Supreme Court has held that the power of High Courts to exercise judicial review over tribunals within their jurisdiction is part of the basic structure of the Constitution.
  • A. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
  • B. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
  • C. Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
  • D. Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct

Q4. Consider the following statements: Which of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

  1. The Supreme Court struck down the National Judicial Appointments Commission in 2015 even though the Chief Justice of India and two other senior Supreme Court judges were among its members.
  2. The Supreme Court held that Parliament has no power to amend the constitutional provisions governing the appointment of judges.
  • A. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
  • B. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
  • C. Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
  • D. Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct

Q5. With reference to judicial and technical members of tribunals, as laid down by the Supreme Court, consider the following statements: Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. Tribunal benches must be composed only of judicial members.
  2. A technical member may exercise judicial functions sitting alone where the dispute turns mainly on technical questions.
  3. In a tribunal bench of more than two members, non-judicial members should not outnumber judicial members.
  • A. 2 and 3 only
  • B. 1 and 3 only
  • C. 3 only
  • D. 1 only

Q6. With reference to the National Tribunals Commission Rules, 2026 notified under the tribunal reform law, consider the following statements about rules framed under a parent Act: Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. These rules are delegated legislation, as they are framed by the executive under powers conferred by an Act of Parliament.
  2. Rules framed under the parent Act may prescribe service conditions inconsistent with that Act once they are published in the Official Gazette.
  3. Rules framed under a parent Act are valid only if they conform both to the Act and to the Constitution.
  4. Rules framed under an Act take effect only after both Houses of Parliament approve them by a special majority.
  • A. 1 and 3 only
  • B. 1 and 2 only
  • C. 2, 3 and 4 only
  • D. 1, 3 and 4 only

Q7. Consider the following statements regarding the power to create tribunals in India: Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. A tribunal for disputes over the assessment and collection of a State's own tax can be constituted only by a law of Parliament.
  2. Legislatures may create tribunals on subjects within their legislative competence under the Seventh Schedule, beyond those listed in Article 323B.
  • A. 1 only
  • B. 2 only
  • C. Both 1 and 2
  • D. Neither 1 nor 2