UPSC Prelims Practice Questions — India’s biggest climate gap could be language

Q1. With reference to Article 8 of the Paris Agreement on Loss and Damage, consider the following items: 1. Early warning systems 2. Slow onset events 3. Risk insurance facilities and climate risk pooling 4. Mandatory liability-based compensation from developed to developing countries Which of the above is/are correctly identified as areas of cooperation and facilitation under Article 8?

  1. Early warning systems
  2. Slow onset events
  3. Risk insurance facilities and climate risk pooling
  4. Mandatory liability-based compensation from developed to developing countries
  • A. 1 and 2 only
  • B. 1, 2 and 3
  • C. 3 and 4 only
  • D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q2. Which one of the following institutions has been invited to serve as the interim host of the Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD), providing trustee and secretariat services for an initial four-year period?

  • A. Green Climate Fund
  • B. United Nations Environment Programme
  • C. World Bank
  • D. Global Environment Facility

Q3. With reference to the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) and the Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD), consider the following statements: 1. The WIM was established at COP19 (2013), whereas the FRLD was agreed at COP27 (2022) and operationalised at COP28 (2023). 2. The Republic of the Philippines has been selected as the host country of the Board of the FRLD. 3. Both the WIM and the FRLD function under the authority of the World Trade Organization. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. The WIM was established at COP19 (2013), whereas the FRLD was agreed at COP27 (2022) and operationalised at COP28 (2023).
  2. The Republic of the Philippines has been selected as the host country of the Board of the FRLD.
  3. Both the WIM and the FRLD function under the authority of the World Trade Organization.
  • A. 1 only
  • B. 1 and 2 only
  • C. 2 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3

Q4. In the vocabulary of the UNFCCC, the term 'slow-onset events' refers most precisely to which one of the following?

  • A. Sudden hydro-meteorological extremes such as cyclones, cloudbursts and flash floods
  • B. Gradual climate change impacts such as sea-level rise, ocean acidification, glacial retreat, salinisation, desertification and loss of biodiversity
  • C. All geophysical hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions
  • D. Industrial and technological accidents that exclusively cause non-economic losses

Q5. Loss and Damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change was given explicit treaty-level recognition under which one of the following provisions of the Paris Agreement?

  • A. Article 4
  • B. Article 6
  • C. Article 8
  • D. Article 14
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