UPSC Prelims Practice Questions — Tribunals Reforms Bill passed amid din in LS

Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the constitution of the National Tribunals Commission under the Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2026: 1. It consists of a Chairperson and four Members, of whom two are Judicial Members and two are Technical Members. 2. The Chairperson has to be a retired Judge of the Supreme Court or a retired Chief Justice of a High Court. 3. All appointments to the Commission are made exclusively by the Chief Justice of India, the Central Government having no role whatsoever in them. 4. The Commission has its headquarters in the national capital. Which of the above is/are correctly identified?

  1. It consists of a Chairperson and four Members, of whom two are Judicial Members and two are Technical Members.
  2. The Chairperson has to be a retired Judge of the Supreme Court or a retired Chief Justice of a High Court.
  3. All appointments to the Commission are made exclusively by the Chief Justice of India, the Central Government having no role whatsoever in them.
  4. The Commission has its headquarters in the national capital.
  • A. 1, 2 and 4
  • B. 2 and 3 only
  • C. 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q2. The Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2026 does away with the minimum age qualification that the Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021 had prescribed for appointment as Chairperson or Member of a tribunal. What was that minimum age?

  • A. 45 years
  • B. 50 years
  • C. 55 years
  • D. 60 years

Q3. Consider the following statements comparing the Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021 with the Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2026: 1. The term of office of tribunal Members is extended from four years under the 2021 Act to five years under the 2026 Bill. 2. Under the 2026 Bill the search-cum-selection committee recommends a panel of two names for every vacancy, whereas the 2021 Act required only a single name to be forwarded. 3. The 2026 Bill requires appointments to be made within three months of receipt of the recommendation, whereas the 2021 Act required this to be done 'preferably' within three months. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. The term of office of tribunal Members is extended from four years under the 2021 Act to five years under the 2026 Bill.
  2. Under the 2026 Bill the search-cum-selection committee recommends a panel of two names for every vacancy, whereas the 2021 Act required only a single name to be forwarded.
  3. The 2026 Bill requires appointments to be made within three months of receipt of the recommendation, whereas the 2021 Act required this to be done 'preferably' within three months.
  • A. 1 and 2 only
  • B. 1 and 3 only
  • C. 2 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3

Q4. The Supreme Court has held that tribunals should not be administered by the departments whose orders they sit in judgment over, and directed that administrative support to all tribunals be routed instead through one single nodal Ministry. Which one of the following is that Ministry?

  • A. The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
  • B. The Ministry of Law and Justice
  • C. The Ministry of Home Affairs
  • D. The Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs

Q5. Consider the following statements about the passage of the Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2026 in the Lok Sabha: 1. It was passed by a voice vote. 2. It was passed on the very day it was introduced in the House. 3. It was passed after a division was demanded and the votes were recorded. 4. Opposition members were at the time pressing the government for a response on police action against students protesting at Jantar Mantar. Which of the above is/are correctly identified?

  1. It was passed by a voice vote.
  2. It was passed on the very day it was introduced in the House.
  3. It was passed after a division was demanded and the votes were recorded.
  4. Opposition members were at the time pressing the government for a response on police action against students protesting at Jantar Mantar.
  • A. 1, 2 and 4
  • B. 1 and 3 only
  • C. 2, 3 and 4
  • D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q6. The Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2026 was one among a set of Bills introduced in the Lok Sabha on 10 August 2026, before both Houses were adjourned amid Opposition protests. How many Bills in all were introduced in that House on that day?

  • A. Two
  • B. Three
  • C. Four
  • D. Six

Q7. Article 323A of the Constitution of India empowers Parliament to provide by law for the adjudication by tribunals of disputes with respect to which one of the following?

  • A. Levy, assessment, collection and enforcement of any tax
  • B. Recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to public services
  • C. Ceiling on agricultural land holdings and the acquisition of such land
  • D. Industrial and labour disputes and matters connected therewith

Q8. Consider the following statements regarding tribunals in India: 1. Articles 323A and 323B were inserted into the Constitution by the Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976. 2. Article 323A permits only Parliament to establish tribunals, whereas tribunals for the subjects listed in Article 323B may be established by Parliament as well as State Legislatures. 3. In L. Chandra Kumar (1997) the Supreme Court held that decisions of tribunals that substitute High Courts are subject to scrutiny by a Division Bench of the Supreme Court. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. Articles 323A and 323B were inserted into the Constitution by the Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976.
  2. Article 323A permits only Parliament to establish tribunals, whereas tribunals for the subjects listed in Article 323B may be established by Parliament as well as State Legislatures.
  3. In L. Chandra Kumar (1997) the Supreme Court held that decisions of tribunals that substitute High Courts are subject to scrutiny by a Division Bench of the Supreme Court.
  • A. 1 only
  • B. 1 and 2 only
  • C. 2 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3

Q9. The National Company Law Appellate Tribunal, one of the 16 tribunals and appellate bodies covered by the Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2026, presently functions under the administrative control of which one of the following?

  • A. The Ministry of Finance, Department of Financial Services
  • B. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs
  • C. The Ministry of Law and Justice, Department of Legal Affairs
  • D. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade

Q10. The Opposition disruption during which the Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2026 was passed continued a protest that had earlier accompanied the passage of the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026 in the Lok Sabha in July 2026. That Amendment Bill was moved in the House by which one of the following?

  • A. The Union Home Minister, Amit Shah
  • B. The Union Minister of Law and Justice, Arjun Ram Meghwal
  • C. The Union Minister for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Jitendra Singh
  • D. The Union Minister of Parliamentary Affairs, Kiren Rijiju