UPSC Prelims Practice Questions — AI cooperation

Q1. Consider the following statements comparing the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) at its launch with the integrated partnership announced in July 2024: 1. GPAI was launched in 2020 with fifteen founding members, India being one of them. 2. Whereas the Secretariat of GPAI was hosted by UNESCO at the time of its launch, the 2024 reorganisation transferred that function to the OECD. 3. The integrated partnership announced in July 2024 initially brought together 44 countries spread across six continents, a larger grouping than GPAI's founding membership. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. GPAI was launched in 2020 with fifteen founding members, India being one of them.
  2. Whereas the Secretariat of GPAI was hosted by UNESCO at the time of its launch, the 2024 reorganisation transferred that function to the OECD.
  3. The integrated partnership announced in July 2024 initially brought together 44 countries spread across six continents, a larger grouping than GPAI's founding membership.
  • A. 1 and 2 only
  • B. 2 and 3 only
  • C. 1 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3

Q2. At the July 2024 GPAI Summit at which the renewed vision of GPAI as an integrated partnership with the OECD was announced, the Chair of the GPAI Council was held by which one of the following countries?

  • A. Canada, which had co-initiated the partnership at its inception
  • B. India, which also convened the Ministerial Council of that Summit
  • C. France, which had co-initiated the partnership at its inception
  • D. Japan, which had hosted an earlier annual Summit of the partnership

Q3. The BRICS Bharat Innovates Exposition, held at Bharat Mandapam alongside the 18th BRICS Summit, was organised by which one of the following?

  • A. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, together with the Department of Science and Technology
  • B. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry, through the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
  • C. The Ministry of Science and Technology, in coordination with the Ministry of External Affairs
  • D. The Ministry of Education, in coordination with the Ministry of External Affairs

Q4. At the 18th BRICS Summit, China's President offered that his country would act as the pioneer in establishing which one of the following?

  • A. A BRICS artificial intelligence open-source community supporting joint work on large language models
  • B. A binding BRICS treaty subjecting all member states' AI firms to a single supranational regulator
  • C. A permanent BRICS embargo on exports of advanced AI chips to all non-member economies
  • D. An exclusively BRICS-owned sovereign cloud entirely replacing members' national data centres

Q5. Which one of the following is regarded as the first intergovernmental standard on artificial intelligence, and supplies the normative anchor for the work programme of the integrated GPAI partnership?

  • A. The UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
  • B. The Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights
  • C. The OECD Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence
  • D. The G20 Principles on Artificial Intelligence endorsed at the Osaka Summit

Q6. In the taxonomy of OECD legal instruments, the 2019 instrument on artificial intelligence belongs to the category 'Recommendation'. Which one of the following best describes the legal character of such an instrument?

  • A. A treaty that enters into force for each Adherent only after ratification by its national legislature
  • B. A non-binding instrument that nonetheless carries great moral force as the political will of its Adherents
  • C. A binding decision of the Council enforceable against Adherents through dispute-settlement proceedings
  • D. A technical guideline issued by the Secretariat that requires no adoption by the Council at all

Q7. The India-AI Impact Summit 2026 at Bharat Mandapam drew participation from more than 100 countries. How many Heads of State or Government took part in it?

  • A. 12
  • B. 22
  • C. 34
  • D. 47

Q8. The Independent International Scientific Panel on Artificial Intelligence and the Global Dialogue on Artificial Intelligence Governance were established by which one of the following?

  • A. A resolution of the United Nations General Assembly adopted in August 2025
  • B. The Global Digital Compact adopted at the Summit of the Future in September 2024
  • C. A recommendation of the UNESCO General Conference adopted in November 2021
  • D. A decision of the OECD Council meeting at Ministerial level in May 2019

Q9. The Readiness Assessment Methodology, a tool enabling governments to gauge how prepared their legal and technical infrastructure is for ethical AI, was developed and is administered by which one of the following?

  • A. The OECD, through its AI Policy Observatory and its network of national AI policy experts
  • B. The International Telecommunication Union, through its AI for Good platform and standards work
  • C. UNESCO, under the mandate of its standard-setting instrument on the ethics of AI
  • D. The United Nations Development Programme, through its digital public infrastructure programme

Q10. The IndiaAI Mission, which underpins India's domestic AI capacity-building and its outreach to partner countries, is executed through which one of the following?

  • A. The National e-Governance Division, an independent business division under MeitY
  • B. A dedicated National Strategy Unit for Artificial Intelligence set up within NITI Aayog
  • C. The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, an autonomous body under MeitY
  • D. IndiaAI, an independent business division of Digital India Corporation under MeitY

Q11. Consider the following statements about the 2026 debate between frontier AI developers and the United States government over the pace of AI development: 1. Anthropic's chief executive publicly called for slowing down frontier AI development, a position with which Elon Musk expressed agreement. 2. The US President stated that guardrails could be placed on AI while insisting that the United States must retain its lead over China in the technology. 3. The chief executive of OpenAI rejected any federal safety framework for frontier AI, holding that voluntary industry measures alone are entirely sufficient in every case. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. Anthropic's chief executive publicly called for slowing down frontier AI development, a position with which Elon Musk expressed agreement.
  2. The US President stated that guardrails could be placed on AI while insisting that the United States must retain its lead over China in the technology.
  3. The chief executive of OpenAI rejected any federal safety framework for frontier AI, holding that voluntary industry measures alone are entirely sufficient in every case.
  • A. 1 and 2 only
  • B. 1 and 3 only
  • C. 2 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3