UPSC Prelims Practice Questions — INDIA ADOPTS A DEVELOPMENT-CENTRED, WHOLE-OF-ECONOMY CLIMATE STRATEGY: INTEGRATES ADAPTATION, MITIGATION AND BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE WITHIN ITS DEVELOPMENT MODEL, SAYS ECONOMIC SURVEY 2025-26

Q1. In 2025 India crossed the milestone of 50% of its cumulative electric power installed capacity coming from non-fossil fuel sources. This 50% non-fossil-capacity target is a formal commitment made by India under which one of the following?

  • A. India's updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement
  • B. The Kyoto Protocol's second commitment period
  • C. The Copenhagen Accord voluntary pledges of 2009
  • D. The Glasgow Climate Pact's coal phase-down decision

Q2. As highlighted in the Economic Survey 2025-26, India attained the 50% non-fossil installed power capacity milestone how many years ahead of the deadline set under its Nationally Determined Contribution?

  • A. About 3 years ahead
  • B. About 5 years ahead
  • C. About 8 years ahead
  • D. About 10 years ahead

Q3. With reference to how India's updated NDC (August 2022) differs from its original 2015 INDC under the Paris Agreement, consider the following statements: 1. The updated NDC raised the emission-intensity-of-GDP reduction target for 2030 (over 2005 levels) from the earlier 33–35% to 45%. 2. The updated NDC raised the non-fossil-based installed capacity goal for 2030 from the earlier 40% to about 50%. 3. The updated NDC introduced, for the first time, the target of creating an additional carbon sink of 2.5–3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2030. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. The updated NDC raised the emission-intensity-of-GDP reduction target for 2030 (over 2005 levels) from the earlier 33–35% to 45%.
  2. The updated NDC raised the non-fossil-based installed capacity goal for 2030 from the earlier 40% to about 50%.
  3. The updated NDC introduced, for the first time, the target of creating an additional carbon sink of 2.5–3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2030.
  • A. 1 and 2 only
  • B. 2 and 3 only
  • C. 1 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3

Q4. Among the five 'Panchamrit' commitments announced by India at COP26 (Glasgow, 2021), the flagship target for India's non-fossil energy installed capacity by 2030 was set at:

  • A. 500 GW
  • B. 450 GW
  • C. 280 GW
  • D. 175 GW

Q5. The estimate that India's domestic adaptation-relevant expenditure rose from 3.7% of GDP in FY16 to 5.6% of GDP in FY22 was published in which one of the following documents?

  • A. The Economic Survey 2025-26, Ministry of Finance
  • B. India's Third Biennial Update Report to the UNFCCC
  • C. The RBI's Report on Currency and Finance 2025-26
  • D. NITI Aayog's National Multidimensional Poverty Index report

Q6. The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), which provides the umbrella framework of eight national missions, was launched in which year?

  • A. 2008
  • B. 2006
  • C. 2010
  • D. 2015

Q7. Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment), invoked in the Economic Survey 2025-26 as the behavioural-change pillar of India's climate strategy, is coordinated and implemented at the national level by which one of the following?

  • A. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
  • B. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
  • C. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
  • D. NITI Aayog

Q8. The National Green Hydrogen Mission, a key mitigation-cum-energy-security lever cited by the Economic Survey, was approved by the Union Cabinet in January 2023 with an initial outlay of:

  • A. ₹19,744 crore
  • B. ₹1,500 crore
  • C. ₹8,000 crore
  • D. ₹34,300 crore

Q9. At COP29 (Baku, 2024), developed countries agreed to take the lead in a New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) to mobilise for developing countries a headline sum of at least:

  • A. USD 300 billion per year by 2035
  • B. USD 100 billion per year by 2025
  • C. USD 1.3 trillion per year by 2030
  • D. USD 4 trillion per year by 2035

Q10. With reference to the Economic Survey, consider the following statements: 1. It is prepared by the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance. 2. It is prepared under the supervision of the Chief Economic Adviser. 3. It is a document constitutionally mandated to be laid before Parliament under Article 112. 4. It is presented in Parliament ahead of the Union Budget. Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. It is prepared by the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance.
  2. It is prepared under the supervision of the Chief Economic Adviser.
  3. It is a document constitutionally mandated to be laid before Parliament under Article 112.
  4. It is presented in Parliament ahead of the Union Budget.
  • A. 1, 2 and 4
  • B. 1 and 3 only
  • C. 2, 3 and 4
  • D. 1, 2, 3 and 4