UPSC Prelims Practice Questions — VV Giri Survey Confirms Widespread Endorsement of Labour Codes by Workers and Employers
Q1. How many pre-existing central labour Acts were amalgamated and rationalised into the four Labour Codes that came into force on 21 November 2025?
Q2. In the context of the new Labour Codes, the term 'statutory floor wage' is best described as which one of the following?
- A. A wage fixed by the Central Government based on minimum living standards, below which no State Government may set its minimum wages
- B. The highest wage ceiling above which no bonus is payable to an employee
- C. The industry-specific wage rate fixed by tripartite wage boards for each scheduled employment
- D. The basic wage component used exclusively to compute an employee's provident fund contribution
Q3. With reference to the enactment and enforcement of the four Labour Codes, consider the following statements:
1. The Code on Wages was enacted a year earlier than the other three Labour Codes.
2. All four Labour Codes were brought into force simultaneously on 21 November 2025.
3. The three Codes other than the Code on Wages received Parliamentary assent in 2019.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- The Code on Wages was enacted a year earlier than the other three Labour Codes.
- All four Labour Codes were brought into force simultaneously on 21 November 2025.
- The three Codes other than the Code on Wages received Parliamentary assent in 2019.
- A. 1 and 2 only
- B. 2 and 3 only
- C. 1 and 3 only
- D. 1, 2 and 3
Q4. The Second National Commission on Labour, whose report provided the principal rationale for consolidating central labour laws into Codes, functioned solely under the chairmanship of which one of the following?
- A. Ravindra Varma
- B. P. B. Gajendragadkar
- C. L. C. Jain
- D. Suresh Tendulkar
Q5. The Second National Commission on Labour recommended a graded labour adjudication architecture comprising Lok Adalats, Labour Courts and a Labour Relations Commission. This constitutes a system of how many tiers?
- A. Two
- B. Three
- C. Four
- D. Five
Q6. The V. V. Giri National Labour Institute, which authored the 2026 perception study on the Labour Codes, is best characterised as the country's premier national institute primarily for which one of the following?
- A. Research and training in the field of labour
- B. Adjudication of inter-state industrial disputes
- C. Statutory fixation of the national floor wage
- D. Registration and audit of trade unions
Q7. The V. V. Giri National Labour Institute functions as an autonomous body under which one of the following Union Ministries?
- A. Ministry of Labour & Employment
- B. Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship
- C. Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment
- D. Ministry of Corporate Affairs
Q8. According to the VVGNLI study 'The Implementation of Labour Codes: A Perception-based Analysis', workers and employers perceived the Labour Codes as delivering which of the following?
1. Strengthened social security
2. Simpler and more streamlined compliance
3. Improved ease of doing business
4. Abolition of the statutory floor wage
Which of the above is/are correctly identified?
- Strengthened social security
- Simpler and more streamlined compliance
- Improved ease of doing business
- Abolition of the statutory floor wage
- A. 1, 2 and 3
- B. 2, 3 and 4
- C. 1 and 4 only
- D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Q9. Consider the following statements about provisions under the Labour Codes:
1. A fixed-term employee becomes eligible for gratuity on completing one year of service.
2. Aggregators must contribute a share of their annual turnover to a Social Security Fund for gig and platform workers.
3. Women may be employed at night subject to their consent and prescribed safety conditions.
4. Establishments employing even a single worker are exempt from issuing appointment letters.
Which of the above is/are NOT correct?
- A fixed-term employee becomes eligible for gratuity on completing one year of service.
- Aggregators must contribute a share of their annual turnover to a Social Security Fund for gig and platform workers.
- Women may be employed at night subject to their consent and prescribed safety conditions.
- Establishments employing even a single worker are exempt from issuing appointment letters.
- A. 1 only
- B. 4 only
- C. 3 and 4
- D. 1 and 2
Q10. The 2025-26 series of Regional Conferences of Labour, Employment and Industry Secretaries of States/UTs — convened to facilitate smooth implementation of the four Labour Codes — is being organised under the aegis of which one of the following?
- A. Ministry of Labour & Employment
- B. Ministry of Commerce & Industry
- C. Ministry of Home Affairs
- D. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Q11. With reference to the two principal social-security organisations under the Ministry of Labour & Employment, consider the following statements:
1. Both EPFO and ESIC function under the Ministry of Labour & Employment.
2. EPFO derives its statutory authority from the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952.
3. ESIC derives its statutory authority from the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1952.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Both EPFO and ESIC function under the Ministry of Labour & Employment.
- EPFO derives its statutory authority from the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952.
- ESIC derives its statutory authority from the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1952.
- A. 1 only
- B. 1 and 2 only
- C. 2 and 3 only
- D. 1, 2 and 3