UPSC Prelims Practice Questions — NITI Aayog Convened a Stakeholder Consultation on Implementation of the SHANTI Act 2025

Q1. Under the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Act, 2025, the power to grant a licence to a private Indian company for building, owning or operating a nuclear plant vests exclusively in which authority?

  • A. The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
  • B. The Central Government
  • C. The Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited
  • D. The Department of Atomic Energy

Q2. On its commencement, the SHANTI Act, 2025 repeals and replaces how many pre-existing central laws governing India's nuclear sector?

  • A. One
  • B. Two
  • C. Three
  • D. Four

Q3. The July 2026 Stakeholder Consultation on operationalising the implementation framework of the SHANTI Act, 2025 was convened by which body?

  • A. Department of Atomic Energy
  • B. Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
  • C. NITI Aayog
  • D. Ministry of Power

Q4. In the context of India's Nuclear Energy Mission, what best describes a 'Small Modular Reactor (SMR)'?

  • A. A large 700 MWe indigenous Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor built at green-field sites
  • B. A compact, lower-capacity nuclear reactor (such as the 220 MWe BSMR-200) suited to factory fabrication and brown-field deployment
  • C. A thorium-based breeder reactor operated solely by BHAVINI
  • D. An imported large-capacity advanced reactor for rapid capacity addition

Q5. The Nuclear Energy Mission, carrying an allocation of ₹20,000 crore for research and development of Small Modular Reactors, was announced under which of the following?

  • A. Union Budget 2024-25
  • B. The SHANTI Act, 2025
  • C. Union Budget 2025-26
  • D. The Economic Survey 2025-26

Q6. NITI Aayog, which operationalised the SHANTI Act consultation, was itself constituted through which of the following instruments?

  • A. An Act of Parliament
  • B. A resolution of the Union Cabinet
  • C. A constitutional amendment
  • D. A Presidential Order

Q7. The SHANTI Act consultation and the associated public-private partnership roadmap are aimed at scaling India's nuclear power capacity to how much by 2047?

  • A. 40 GW
  • B. 70 GW
  • C. 100 GW
  • D. 500 GW

Q8. Under the erstwhile Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010, the maximum liability of the operator for each nuclear incident was capped at which single amount?

  • A. Rs 100 crore
  • B. Rs 300 crore
  • C. Rs 1,500 crore
  • D. Rs 3,000 crore

Q9. Prior to the private-participation reforms, which single organisation was the sole builder and operator of commercial nuclear power reactors in India, functioning as a public-sector undertaking under the Department of Atomic Energy?

  • A. Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
  • B. Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited
  • C. NTPC Limited
  • D. Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI)