UPSC Prelims Practice Questions — Publications (Volume I and Summary Results of Factory Sector) of Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) 2024-25 (Survey period: October 2025 to June 2026) November, 2026

Q1. With reference to the institutional arrangement under which the Annual Survey of Industries is conducted, consider the following statements: Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. A factory selected in the sample may decline to furnish its return, since participation in official statistical surveys in India is voluntary.
  2. The sampling frame is drawn from factory lists maintained by State-level authorities and is updated by the National Statistics Office in consultation with them.
  3. Since the survey is conducted by a Union ministry, registration of factories under the Factories Act, 1948 is also carried out by the Union Government.
  • A. 2 and 3 only
  • B. 1 only
  • C. 2 only
  • D. 1 and 3 only

Q2. With reference to the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) and the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), consider the following statements: Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. The IIP is a volume index that tracks short-term changes in production, whereas the ASI measures the levels of output, value added, capital and employment for a reference year.
  2. The IIP covers mining and electricity in addition to manufacturing.
  3. Being an annual survey, the ASI enumerates every registered factory in the country every year rather than drawing a sample.
  • A. 2 and 3 only
  • B. 1 and 2 only
  • C. 1 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3

Q3. With reference to the concepts used in industrial statistics, consider the following statements: Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. Gross value added of a factory is obtained by deducting the emoluments paid to its employees from the value of its output.
  2. Net value added of a factory can never exceed its gross value added.
  3. Invested capital includes stocks of materials, semi-finished goods and finished goods in addition to fixed capital.
  • A. 2 and 3 only
  • B. 1, 2 and 3
  • C. 1 and 2 only
  • D. 1 and 3 only

Q4. Consider the following data on India's registered factory sector for 2024-25 (growth over the previous year, at current prices): output 7.81%; input 7.47%; gross value added 9.59%; fixed capital 10.54%; persons engaged 7.19%; emoluments 12.08%. Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the above?

  1. Fixed capital per person engaged increased during the year.
  2. Average emoluments per person engaged increased during the year.
  3. Real wages of persons engaged in factories increased during the year.
  4. The share of gross value added in the value of output increased during the year.
  • A. 3 and 4 only
  • B. 1 and 2 only
  • C. 1, 2, 3 and 4
  • D. 1, 2 and 4 only

Q5. Consider the following statements: Which of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

  1. If a factory's output grows by 8% while the inputs it consumes grow by 7.5%, its gross value added grows by more than 8%.
  2. Gross value added is arrived at by deducting depreciation on fixed assets from the value of output.
  • A. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
  • B. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
  • C. Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
  • D. Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct

Q6. With reference to the establishment approach and the enterprise approach in economic surveys, consider the following statements: Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. Under the establishment approach, a company operating factories in two different States is enumerated as separate units, each recorded in the State where it is located.
  2. Under the enterprise approach, each factory of a diversified company is classified by that factory's own principal product rather than by the company's overall activity.
  3. The Annual Survey of Industries permits one owner to file a single consolidated return covering its factories located in different States.
  • A. 1 only
  • B. 1 and 3 only
  • C. 2 only
  • D. 1 and 2 only

Q7. Consider the following statements: Which of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

  1. The Annual Survey of Industries can provide State-wise estimates of factory-sector value added without apportioning a multi-State company's consolidated accounts across States.
  2. The Annual Survey of Industries collects data from individual establishments, and a consolidated return is permitted only for units located in the same State and belonging to the same industry group.
  • A. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
  • B. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
  • C. Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
  • D. Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct

Q8. Consider the following findings of the Annual Survey of Industries 2024-25: the top five States by gross value added (over 54% of the total) are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh; the top five States by persons engaged (over 56% of the total) are Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana; factories with plant and machinery worth up to ₹5 crore are 78.69% of all factories but hold 10.55% of fixed capital. Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the above?

  1. Roughly one-fifth of all factories account for close to nine-tenths of the fixed capital in the factory sector.
  2. More than half of all registered factories in India are located in the five States leading in gross value added.
  3. Haryana's factory sector engages more persons than Karnataka's.
  4. Factories with plant and machinery worth up to ₹5 crore account for about one-tenth of total factory employment.
  • A. 2 and 4 only
  • B. 1, 3 and 4 only
  • C. 1, 2 and 3 only
  • D. 1 and 3 only