Social Justice MCQs for UPSC Prelims — April 2026

Q1. The predecessor 'Household Social Consumption: Health' survey, with reference period July 2017–June 2018, was conducted under which round of the National Sample Survey?

  • A. 75th Round
  • B. 71st Round
  • C. 68th Round
  • D. 79th Round

Q2. With reference to India's health-financing frameworks, consider the following statements: 1. The National Health Accounts (NHA) estimates for India are prepared by the National Health Systems Resource Centre under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. 2. In the NHA estimates for 2022-23, Government Health Expenditure exceeded households' Out-of-Pocket Expenditure as a share of Total Health Expenditure for the first time. 3. The National Health Policy, 2017 set a target of raising public health expenditure to 2.5% of GDP by 2025. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. The National Health Accounts (NHA) estimates for India are prepared by the National Health Systems Resource Centre under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
  2. In the NHA estimates for 2022-23, Government Health Expenditure exceeded households' Out-of-Pocket Expenditure as a share of Total Health Expenditure for the first time.
  3. The National Health Policy, 2017 set a target of raising public health expenditure to 2.5% of GDP by 2025.
  • A. 1 and 2 only
  • B. 2 and 3 only
  • C. 1 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3

Q3. How many households in total were canvassed in the NSS 80th Round Household Social Consumption: Health survey?

  • A. 1,39,732
  • B. 1,29,732
  • C. 1,49,732
  • D. 1,13,732

Q4. Which one of the following is the nodal agency that administers Ayushman Bharat–PMJAY, the flagship scheme credited with lowering out-of-pocket health expenditure captured in the survey?

  • A. National Health Authority
  • B. National Health Systems Resource Centre
  • C. National Statistical Office
  • D. Central Bureau of Health Intelligence

Q5. Comparing health-scheme/insurance coverage between the 75th Round (2017-18) and the 80th Round (2025), consider the following statements: 1. Rural coverage rose from 12.9% in 2017-18 to 45.5% in 2025. 2. Urban coverage rose from 8.9% in 2017-18 to 31.8% in 2025. 3. In both rounds, urban coverage remained higher than rural coverage. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. Rural coverage rose from 12.9% in 2017-18 to 45.5% in 2025.
  2. Urban coverage rose from 8.9% in 2017-18 to 31.8% in 2025.
  3. In both rounds, urban coverage remained higher than rural coverage.
  • A. 1 and 2 only
  • B. 2 and 3 only
  • C. 1 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3

Q6. The steep rise in government health-scheme coverage captured by the 80th Round is attributed largely to Ayushman Bharat–PMJAY. Under this scheme, the health cover provided is:

  • A. ₹5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalisation
  • B. ₹1 lakh per individual per year for primary and outpatient care
  • C. ₹3 lakh per family per year covering all outpatient consultations
  • D. ₹10 lakh per family per year restricted to tertiary care only

Q7. In the context of the NSS 80th Round health survey, the term 'institutional delivery' is best defined as:

  • A. A childbirth that takes place in a medical institution such as a government or private hospital/health facility
  • B. A childbirth attended by a skilled birth attendant, irrespective of the place of delivery
  • C. A childbirth registered under the civil registration system within the stipulated period
  • D. A childbirth conducted under a government cash-incentive scheme such as Janani Suraksha Yojana

Q8. With reference to institutional deliveries in the NSS 80th Round, consider the following: 1. Rural institutional deliveries rose from 90.5% in 2017-18 to 95.6% in 2025. 2. Urban institutional deliveries reached 97.8% in 2025. 3. In 2025, every rural delivery took place in a government health facility. 4. Overall, about 96.2% of deliveries in the reference period were institutional. Which of the above is/are correctly identified?

  1. Rural institutional deliveries rose from 90.5% in 2017-18 to 95.6% in 2025.
  2. Urban institutional deliveries reached 97.8% in 2025.
  3. In 2025, every rural delivery took place in a government health facility.
  4. Overall, about 96.2% of deliveries in the reference period were institutional.
  • A. 1, 2 and 4
  • B. 1 and 3 only
  • C. 2, 3 and 4
  • D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q9. The Proportion of Population Reporting Ailment (PPRA) figures for 2025 are generated institutionally through which one of the following?

  • A. The NSS Household Social Consumption: Health survey conducted by the NSO under MoSPI
  • B. The National Family Health Survey conducted by the NSO under MoSPI
  • C. The National Health Accounts prepared by the NSO under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
  • D. The Sample Registration System maintained by the NSO under MoSPI

Q10. As per the NSS 80th Round, which one of the following recorded the highest Proportion of Population Reporting Ailment (PPRA)?

  • A. Urban areas in the 80th Round (2025)
  • B. Rural areas in the 80th Round (2025)
  • C. Urban areas in the 75th Round (2017-18)
  • D. Rural areas in the 75th Round (2017-18)

Q11. With reference to the National Sample Survey (NSS) 80th Round, consider the following: 1. It is conducted by the National Statistical Office under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. 2. The reference period for its health module is January–December 2025. 3. Its immediate predecessor comparable round on health was the 68th Round of 2011-12. 4. It fielded the Household Social Consumption: Health survey alongside a Comprehensive Modular Survey on Telecom. Which of the above is/are correctly identified?

  1. It is conducted by the National Statistical Office under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
  2. The reference period for its health module is January–December 2025.
  3. Its immediate predecessor comparable round on health was the 68th Round of 2011-12.
  4. It fielded the Household Social Consumption: Health survey alongside a Comprehensive Modular Survey on Telecom.
  • A. 1, 2 and 4
  • B. 1, 3 and 4
  • C. 2 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q12. The 80th Round Survey on 'Household Social Consumption: Health' (reference period January–December 2025) is conducted by which one of the following?

  • A. National Statistical Office under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
  • B. International Institute for Population Sciences under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
  • C. National Health Systems Resource Centre under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
  • D. Office of the Registrar General of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs

Q13. With reference to Rahul Gandhi's April 2026 visit to Great Nicobar and its context, consider the following statements. Which of the statements given above is/are NOT correct?

  1. He undertook the visit in his capacity as the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha.
  2. He met members of the Nicobarese community at Rajiv Nagar in Campbell Bay.
  3. Many Nicobarese families had been displaced following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
  4. The Nicobarese, whose grievances he heard, are classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG).
  • A. 1 and 2
  • B. 2 and 3
  • C. 1 and 4
  • D. 4 only

Q14. Which one of the following sets of characteristics best describes the criteria used to identify a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG)?

  • A. Pre-agricultural level of technology, stagnant or declining population, extremely low literacy and a subsistence economy
  • B. Any Scheduled Tribe whose total population is below one lakh in a given State
  • C. Every tribal community residing exclusively within a notified Scheduled Area under the Fifth Schedule
  • D. All nomadic and de-notified tribes recognised under a single central legislation

Q15. Consider the following communities. Which of the above is/are correctly identified as aboriginal tribes protected under the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Protection of Aboriginal Tribes) Regulation, 1956?

  1. Sentinelese
  2. Onge
  3. Shom Pen
  4. Chenchu
  • A. 1, 2 and 3
  • B. 1 and 4
  • C. 2, 3 and 4
  • D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q16. With reference to the two major commissions on Denotified and Nomadic Tribes, consider the following statements: 1. The Renke Commission, which submitted its report in 2008, was chaired by Balkrishna Sidram Renke. 2. The Idate Commission, which submitted its report in 2018, was constituted under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs. 3. The Renke Commission estimated the DNT population at roughly 10 to 12 crore. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. The Renke Commission, which submitted its report in 2008, was chaired by Balkrishna Sidram Renke.
  2. The Idate Commission, which submitted its report in 2018, was constituted under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
  3. The Renke Commission estimated the DNT population at roughly 10 to 12 crore.
  • A. 1 and 2 only
  • B. 1 and 3 only
  • C. 2 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3

Q17. The National Commission for Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes (Idate Commission) identified how many communities as DNTs in its report submitted in 2018?

  • A. 1,235
  • B. 1,262
  • C. 1,526
  • D. 698

Q18. In the expression 'Denotified Tribes', the term 'denotified' precisely refers to which one of the following?

  • A. Communities removed from the list of 'criminal tribes' following the repeal of the Criminal Tribes Act in 1952
  • B. Tribes that were formally notified as Scheduled Tribes under the Constitution
  • C. Nomadic groups that lack any permanent place of settlement
  • D. Communities de-listed from the central Other Backward Classes list

Q19. Which one of the following colonial-era laws was the first to formally brand certain Indian communities as 'criminal tribes', predisposed by birth to crime?

  • A. Criminal Tribes Act, 1871
  • B. Habitual Offenders Act, 1952
  • C. Indian Penal Code, 1860
  • D. Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898

Q20. Under the NMBA 2.0 App, real-time reporting and monitoring of activities at de-addiction facilities is enabled, through role-based access, for which one of the following stakeholders?

  • A. Grant-in-Aid Institutions (GIAs)
  • B. Gram Panchayats
  • C. District Legal Services Authorities
  • D. Self-Help Groups under NRLM

Q21. In NMBA's cumulative outreach data cited in 2026, the figure of '26+ crore' refers to which one of the following?

  • A. The total number of people sensitized on substance use through NMBA activities
  • B. The number of youth sensitized under NMBA
  • C. The number of women reached under NMBA
  • D. The total number of awareness activities conducted under NMBA

Q22. As per the 2026 relaunch, enrolment as a 'Nasha Mukti Mitr' is open to any citizen and is carried out primarily through which one of the following?

  • A. The NMBA App 2.0 (and the DoSJE portal)
  • B. The UMANG mobile application
  • C. The e-Shram portal
  • D. The CPGRAMS grievance portal

Q23. According to the 'Magnitude of Substance Use in India' (2019) survey, approximately how many crore Indians use opioids?

  • A. 2.26 crore
  • B. 3.10 crore
  • C. 8.5 crore
  • D. 16 crore

Q24. Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan, the demand-reduction pillar of India's anti-drug strategy, is operationalised by which one of the following?

  • A. Department of Social Justice & Empowerment
  • B. Narcotics Control Bureau
  • C. Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities
  • D. Central Bureau of Narcotics

Q25. When the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan was first launched in 2020, its initial set of 272 districts was selected as they were identified as which one of the following?

  • A. The most vulnerable districts in terms of substance use
  • B. Aspirational districts under the NITI Aayog programme
  • C. Districts sharing an international land border
  • D. Districts with a tribal-majority population

Q26. Under NAPDDR, the component 'Community-based Peer Led Intervention (CPLI)' is designed primarily for which one of the following groups?

  • A. Children and adolescents below 18 years of age, for early drug-use prevention
  • B. Ex-drug addicts undergoing vocational training and livelihood support
  • C. In-patients requiring hospital-based detoxification
  • D. Women-headed households affected by substance dependence

Q27. Which one of the following is the nodal Ministry that implements the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR)?

  • A. Ministry of Home Affairs
  • B. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
  • C. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
  • D. Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports

Q28. The National Chintan Shivir of the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment at Chandigarh, during whose inaugural session the NMBA 2.0 App was launched in April 2026, was scheduled to be held over how many days?

  • A. Two days
  • B. Three days
  • C. Five days
  • D. Seven days

Q29. As per the All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) 2021-22, the total number of universities/university-level institutions in India is closest to:

  • A. 704
  • B. 1,168
  • C. 12,002
  • D. 45,473

Q30. After the 2017 Allahabad High Court ruling that reduced SC/ST/OBC teacher representation, the restoration of the 'university/college as a single unit' method for computing reservation in teachers' posts was effected through which of the following?

  • A. A UGC circular issued in 2018
  • B. The Constitution (One Hundred and Third Amendment) Act, 2019
  • C. The Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Teachers' Cadre) Act, 2019
  • D. The UGC (Promotion of Equity in HEIs) Regulations, 2012