Armed rebellion
Topic: Emergency Provisions and President's Rule · NCERT: Beyond NCERT
Meaning
Armed rebellion is one of the three grounds for a national emergency under Article 352. The other two are war and external aggression. The 44th Amendment (1978) brought in "armed rebellion" in place of the vaguer phrase "internal disturbance". Ordinary law-and-order trouble or political agitation can no longer be used to justify an emergency.
Example
On 25 June 1975, an emergency was proclaimed on the ground of "internal disturbance", which was then used to put down political opposition. To stop this from happening again, the 44th Amendment (1978) replaced that ground with "armed rebellion".
Don't confuse with
- Internal disturbance under Article 355: the phrase was removed from Article 352 but still appears in Article 355. There it describes the Union's duty to protect states. It is not a ground for proclaiming a national emergency.